Present perfect
tense:
In this article I am going to explain
you about the present perfect tense. Present perfect tense is mixture of the
present tense and perfect part use to state
an occurrence of any event in the past and it has effect on present.
It is use to express combining a relationship
between the present and the past and we use it in our daily conversation which
may be of any kind like in news, speaking or studying in books, and writing a
letter. etc.
For example: If you have written something and that is
present also for example,
· My friend has written
three essays.
My friend has written three letters.
These
essays are present also, means he has these letters till now, so
this is called the present perfect tense that shows the work or activity that
is performed in the past but has a present effect.
How to create
present perfect tense:
In this you will combine the present tense of
the verb has/have + past participle form of the main verb
in making of a sentence. This is simple way to use the present perfect tense.
Structures of
present perfect tense :
1. Affirmative sentence:
|
Subject + has/have + 3rd form of
verb/past participle/passive participle form of verb + object. |
2. Negative sentence:
|
Subject + has/have + not + 3rd form of
verb/past participle/passive participle form of verb + object. |
3. Interrogative sentence:
|
Has/have + subject + 3rd form of
verb/past participle/passive participle form of verb + object? |
Examples of
affirmative:
·
He has purchased a car last week.
 |
He has purchased a car last week.
· He has been to U S.
He has been to U S.
In this he is living in U S.
· She has done his homework.
She has done his homework.
How
to use present perfect tense:
1. To describe an action that is being repeated in the past and present.
Example:
He has been to park many times.
He has been to park many times.
2. To describe an action that started in the past and is still continuing in the
future.
Example:
He
has been to US since 2007.
3. To describe an action that has not been finished yet.
Example:
It
has snowed a lot last year.
It has snowed a lot last year.
4. To describe an action that was finished in the recent past.
Example:
He has just finished his internship at the museum.
He has just finished his internship at the museum.
We cannot use present perfect at specific
expressions of time that have already finished:
For example:
Last year, this month, when he was a boy, and
so on.
Examples of present perfect tense can be used with
expressions those are for unspecific time period:
· He has lost his purse.
· We have seen this movie.
 |
| We have seen this movie. |
Examples for
talking about events that happened in the past but the effect these are felt in
the present.
· The children have messed
in the kitchen.
The children have messed in the kitchen.
· He has started a new
job.
· She has finished her
household tasks.
Examples
for creating questions in present perfect tense:
· Where have you left your
sandals?
· Have you visited US?
· Has she met her father?
Other
combination of words with present perfect tense:
Other
combinations of the words, we have three words which are written here in the
green form already, just and yet. In addition
you can use these time-related adverbs in the present perfect tense as long as
they don't refer to a time which is finished. It means we can’t use the
specific time period which I have already told you about the rules in the
present perfect tense but we can use three words here, already, just and yet.
Examples of how
these are used here:
· The book came out
yesterday but I have already read it.
(In this situation the book came out yesterday that I searched it
yesterday but I have already read it. It means I don't need to read it again
and again I have already read it used to express something happened sooner than
expected, we have done that work before the expectation of others or ours.)
·
She has just left the
building. (Here just is used to convey that the event happened a
short time ago, it means the action which is just completed in a very little
time, means she just came out from the building right now)
· He hasn't finished it yet. (Yet is used in a negative sentence in the way of writing for something is expected to happen but not happened, she hasn't finished it yet it means I expect him to complete this work but he hasn't finished it yet.)
With the expressions
already and yet
for making questions in present perfect tense for example:
· Why has she gone already?
· Have you called your mom?
· Has Anthony played
basketball yet?
So, these are the questions which I have already defined you that the yet is for the expectation which you expect with anyone and in the question form it means you are expecting from him or anyone.
The importance of present perfect tense:
Things those we
discuss regarding previous experiences, updates or change in the state which
happened in the past and still have effect today. This tense is an important
part of English grammar since it explains that actions
or events in the past have an effect on the present situation.
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